アブストラクト(28巻2号:神奈川歯学)

神奈川歯学

Japanese

Title : 歯槽骨からの人獣鑑別に関する組織学的研究
Subtitle : 原著
Authors : 吉沢英樹*, 山本勝一*, 鈴木和夫**
Authors(kana) :
Organization : *神奈川歯科大学法医学教室, **松本歯科大学口腔解剖学第二講座
Journal : 神奈川歯学
Volume : 28
Number : 2
Page : 152-165
Year/Month : 1993 / 9
Article : 原著
Publisher : 神奈川歯科大学学会
Abstract : 「緒言」動物の硬組織である歯や骨は, 死後に軟組織が失われた後も長期間原形を保ち続けているため, 法医学上での人獣鑑別には極めて重要な検査資料となる. 山本は, 「人獣鑑別とはヒトと動物を識別して, 犯罪との関わりがあるかどうかを見極めるための検査法であるから, 資料はヒトのものか動物のものかという課題から出発する」と著書の中で述べ, 加えて, 鑑定に供される資料が破損することなく個体の原形がほぼそろっている場合は勿論のこと, 歯牙や骨などが小片状を呈する場合においても, 正確に人獣鑑別を成就しうるような基礎的検索法を確立することがきわめて重要であることを指摘している. 歯からの人獣鑑別に関する研究は, 法医学の分野のみならず, 比較解剖学的見地からも多数なされている. そこでは, 歯の形態は動物の食性と密接に関連しているので, 歯の原形がほぼ保たれていれば, 歯冠の大きさや形, 咬頭の数, 歯根の形や数などから歯種は勿論のこと動物の種類までも識別できると述べられている.
Practice : 歯科学
Keywords : 人獣鑑別, 歯槽骨, ハバース管, オステオン

English

Title : A Histological Study on Discrimination of Animal and Human from Alveolar Bones
Subtitle :
Authors : Hideki YOSHIZAWA*, Katsuichi Yamamoto*, Kazuo Suzuki**
Authors(kana) :
Organization : *Department of Forensic Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, **Department of Oral Histology, Matsumoto Dental College
Journal : Kanagawa Shigaku
Volume : 28
Number : 2
Page : 152-165
Year/Month : 1993 / 9
Article : Original article
Publisher : Kanagawa Odontological Society
Abstract : Abstract: Although there have been reports on discrimination of animal and human by means of morphological comparison of enamel or dentin, there have not been any reports on the discrimination of animal and human using the alveolar bone, a kind of paradentium. The writer attempted to find out whether or not the alveolar bone would serve as a useful material in forensic dental medicine, enabling discrimination between animal and human possible. Specifically, he made observation of the fragmental alveolar bones of a number of animals which are familiar to humans in their environment, under the Scanning Electron Microscope to detect what sorts of micro-organic morphological differences there were between human and animal and tried to fried out what paticular morphological difference would be useful as an indicator allowing the most accurate discrimination between animal and human. As a result, depending on the kind of animal, it was possible to observe difference between human and animal in the size and the number per unit area of the Haversian canals, the structure of the Haversian lamellae, the arrangement of the lacunae, the size and the morphological traits of the Osteon, and ease in distinction of the cementing line and of the interstitial lamellae. However, the morphological differences called for taking into account the possible in influence the skill in which the specimens were prepared had on the material itself. Therefore, it was necessary to find an indicator clear of such an influence. With the shorter diameter of Haversian canal as an indicator, human was successfully discriminated from pig, Japanese monkey, rabbit, dog, rat and cat, however not very well from cow. On the other hand, the shorter diameter of the Osteon was found to be an important indicator. In other words, with the size of the Osteon as criterion, difference was observed between human and animal in every animal whose Osteons were measurable, including cow which was previously unsuccesful with the size of the Haversian canal, resulting in pleasingly clear discrimination. Furthermore, with the number of Haversian canals per unit area as an indicator, that is, the number of Haversian canals in the are of 0.15mm2 measured, a clear difference was seen between human and animal, which allowed a successful discrimination in all the cases. From above, to discriminate animal and human by histological study of the alveolar bone close to the front teeth on the lower jaw, it is not only important to observe morphological (or micro-oraganic structural) characteristics of the alveolar bone and to measure the size of the Haversian canal, but also to take into consideration the size of the Osteon itself. In this way all the more accurate discrimination between animal and human seems to be possible.
Practice : Dentistry
Keywords :