アブストラクト(40巻2号:神奈川歯学)

神奈川歯学

Japanese

Title : 神経細胞における活性酸素・フリーラジカルの作用/神経細胞内カルシウム動員機構の解明
Subtitle : 神奈川歯科大学学会‐第39回総会宿題報告
Authors : 高橋聡子
Authors(kana) :
Organization : 神奈川歯科大学生体機能学講座生理学分野
Journal : 神奈川歯学
Volume : 40
Number : 2
Page : 139-143
Year/Month : 2005 / 12
Article : 報告
Publisher : 神奈川歯科大学学会
Abstract : 細胞内カルシウムイオンは, 細胞機能発現に至る情報伝達系の重要なkey factorであり, 種々の因子によってその細胞内濃度が調節されていることが知られている. しかし腸管神経細胞においては, 細胞内カルシウムイオンの貯蔵機構とその放出メカニズム, 特に, カルシウムのstorage siteであるendoplasmic reticulum(ER)の役割について, 未だ解明に至っていない. このことは, 骨格筋, 平滑筋, 心筋などの筋組織でカルシウム動員機構の解明が進んでいることと極めて対照的である. 腸管神経系は末梢神経に属し, 中枢神経とよく似た構造をもち, 消化, 吸収, 輸送などの腸管機能を, 局所神経回路を介し一元的に支配している. 結腸や直腸などの下部消化管では上部消化管に比べ血管網や循環血液量が少なく, 腸管の血流障害とそれによって発生した活性酸素, フリーラジカル(reactive oxygen species;ROS)が, 壁内腸管神経を介して潰瘍性大腸炎やクローン病などの難治性炎症性疾患時の運動機能障害を引き起こしている可能性がある.
Practice : 歯科学
Keywords : reactive oxygen species, AH/Type2, calcium homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum

English

Title : Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Mechanism on the Membrane Excitability and Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis of AH/Type 2 Myenteric Neurons in Guinea-pig Distal Colon
Subtitle :
Authors : Satoko WADA-TAKAHASHI
Authors(kana) :
Organization : Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Kanagawa Dental College
Journal : Kanagawa Shigaku
Volume : 40
Number : 2
Page : 139-143
Year/Month : 2005 / 12
Article : Report
Publisher : Kanagawa Odontological Society
Abstract : Using the conventional intracellular recording, conforcal microscopy and chemiluminescence techniques, we examined the physiological actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on AH/Type 2 neurons in the guinea pig distal colon. Hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase (HX + XO) was used as a donor of ROS, being added in the superfusing Krebs solution. A solution of HX + XO induced a transient membrane hyperpolarization, accompanied with a decrease in the input resistance, which was often followed by a long-lasting membrane depolarization that mimicked slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (slow-EPSP). When changes in the input resistance and the reversal potential were analyzed, it was found that calcium-dependent K+ channels are opened during the membrane hyperpolarization and closed during the membrane depolarization, respectively. In the presence of tetrodotoxin, the amplitude of calcium spikes, induced by intrasomatic injection with depolarizing pulses, was reduced when HX + XO was applied, in which the changes in the membrane potential were not seen. Application of caffeine, an opener of ryanodine-sensitive calcium channels on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), caused a transient membrane hyperpolarization, followed by a long-lasting membrane depolarization, in a dose-dependent fashion. These results indicated that ROS enhances the release of Ca2+ from the ER, leading to an increase in intracellular concentration of Ca2+, and suggest that the biphasic response occurred in the membrane potential may be due to the regional effect of Ca2+ for opening of calcium-dependent K+ channels.
Practice : Dentistry
Keywords : reactive oxygen species, AH/Type 2, calcium homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum