アブストラクト(45巻2号:神奈川歯学)

神奈川歯学

Japanese

Title : 食前ガムチューイングによる肥満抑制
Subtitle : 原著
Authors : 包隆穂, 小園知, 水野潤造, 小野弓絵, 丹羽政美, 武井典子*, 久保金弥**
Authors(kana) :
Organization : 神奈川歯科大学生体機能学講座生理学分野, *財団法人ライオン歯科衛生研究所, **星城大学大学院健康支援学研究科
Journal : 神奈川歯学
Volume : 45
Number : 2
Page : 90-99
Year/Month : 2010 / 12
Article : 原著
Publisher : 神奈川歯科大学学会
Abstract : 「緒言」人類の誕生から数百万年経つが, その歴史のほとんどは, 飢餓との戦いであった. その結果, 飢餓という条件下でも生命を維持し子孫を残すことができるように, ヒトのからだは巧妙に飢餓に適応して進化してきた. すなわち, 我々は飢餓に強い遺伝子を獲得し引き継ぐことによって, 少ない食事から得たエネルギーを脂肪というかたちで貯蔵できるようになった1). しかし, これは食物の乏しい環境でこそ役割を果たしてきたが, 飽食時代といわれる現在では肥満というマイナス効果を産む結果になった. 戦後のわが国における急速な経済成長は生活環境の大きな変化, すなわち食生活の欧米化や自動車の普及による運動不足を引き起こし, 日本人にはかつてほとんどみられなかった肥満が急速に増加している. 肥満とは身体に脂肪が正常以上に蓄積した状態を意味しており, この成因には過食, 摂食パターンの異常, 遺伝, 運動不足, 熱産生障害といった因子が, 複雑に絡み合っている2).
Practice : 歯科学
Keywords : ガムチューイング, 肥満, 体重, 体脂肪

English

Title : Gum chewing before eating suppresses avoirdupois in young women
Subtitle :
Authors : Takaho TSUTSUMI, Satoru OZONO, Junzo MIZUNO, Yumie ONO, Masami NIWA, Noriko TAKEI*, Kin-ya KUBO**
Authors(kana) :
Organization : Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Kanagawa Dental College, *The Lion Foundation for Dental Health, **Seijoh University Graduate School of Health Care Studies
Journal : Kanagawa Shigaku
Volume : 45
Number : 2
Page : 90-99
Year/Month : 2010 / 12
Article : Original article
Publisher : Kanagawa Odontological Society
Abstract : 「Abstract」To investigate whether chewing suppresses obesity, we examined the effect of gum-chewing prior to eating on body weight, body fat, and nutrient uptake in young women. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we concurrently measured blood oxygen-level dependence (BOLD) signals in the alimentary center of the hypothalamus during gum-chewing, to further elucidate the underlying neuronal mechanism of anti-obesity effect of chewing. Fifty-three women (19-22 years of age) participated in the present study. They were asked to chew gum for 10 min before each meal for 9 weeks. Body weight and mean daily food consumption were measured once a week throughout the study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat before and 9 weeks after the start of the gum-chewing study period. Furthermore, BOLD signals in the alimentary center (satiety center and feeding center) of the hypothalamus were measured during gum-chewing, followed by analysis using SPM-5 software. Gum-chewing reduced body weight and mean daily food consumption in a time-dependent manner. After the 9-week gum-chewing period, body weight moderately increased, but did not recover to the previous state during the 5-week follow-up. Visceral fat and subcutaneous fat were also significantly decreased at the end of the 9-week gum-chewing period compared with those at the initiation of the experiment. The anti-obesity effect was larger in the subjects with higher body-mass index. The fMRI study revealed that gum-chewing increases BOLD signals in the satiety center of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and decreases those in the feeding center of the lateral hypothalamic region, respectively. These findings suggest that gum-chewing attenuates appetite through its effects on the hypothalamic alimentary center, and thereby has antiobesity effects. Chewing may be a potential tool to decrease obesity to promote health.
Practice : Dentistry
Keywords :