アブストラクト(50巻2号:神奈川歯学)

神奈川歯学

Japanese

Title : Actinomyces naeslundiiの歯槽骨吸収機構解明と歯周病予防法の探索
Subtitle : 特別研究員報告
Authors : 佐藤武則, 佐々木悠, 渡辺清子, 浜田信城
Authors(kana) :
Organization : 神奈川歯科大学大学院歯学研究科口腔科学講座微生物感染学分野
Journal : 神奈川歯学
Volume : 50
Number : 2
Page : 89-93
Year/Month : 2015 / 12
Article : 報告
Publisher : 神奈川歯科大学学会
Abstract : 「はじめに」歯周病は, 歯肉縁上と歯肉縁下に蓄積されたプラークの菌体成分より歯周組織が破壊される炎症性疾患である. 特に, 歯周病原細菌であるPorphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticolaはレッドコンプレックスと呼ばれ, これらの細菌の検出は歯周病の感染リスクが極めて高いことを示すことが明らかにされている. 歯周病発症の根源となるバイオフィルム形成には, 歯面や唾液タンパク質, 歯肉溝などへ最初に付着する歯肉縁上プラークのグラム陽性菌が関与していることが明らかにされている. 中でもActinomyces naeslundiiはグラム陰性菌であるFusobacterium nucleatumとともにバイオフィルム形成の中核的存在を担い, バイオフィルムの成熟に伴う他菌種間との共凝集やアドヘジンとレセプターによる特異的付着機構, 静電気的結合などにより歯周病原細菌の口腔内定着を補助して歯周病の発症に関与している.
Practice : 歯科学
Keywords : バイオフィルム, Actinomyces naeslundii, 歯槽骨吸収, 酸化チタン

English

Title : The analysis of A. naeslundii pathogenic factors and the development of biofilm removal for the prevention of periodontal diseases
Subtitle :
Authors : Takenori SATO, Haruka SASAKI, Kiyoko WATANABE, Nobushiro HAMADA
Authors(kana) :
Organization : Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University
Journal : Kanagawa Shigaku
Volume : 50
Number : 2
Page : 89-93
Year/Month : 2015 / 12
Article : Report
Publisher : Kanagawa Odontological Society
Abstract : [Abstract] In this review, we focused on the role of A. naeslundii fimbriae and peptidoglycan in the development of periodontal diseases, and summarized the function of TiO2 photocatalytic properties in the prevention of periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases caused by bacterial biofilms in humans. Actinomyces naeslundii is an early colonizer, and plays an important role in the biofilm formation. Fimbriae and peptidoglycan are known to be pathogenic factors in the development of periodontal diseases. A. naeslundii fimbriae are associated with adhesion to periodontal pathogens which are known to induce alveolar bone resorption. Therefore, we examined the role of A. naeslundii peptidoglycan in osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory cytokine response. Peptidoglycan induces osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The expression of inflammatory cytokine genes (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) induced by peptidoglycan. The results suggested A. naeslundii peptidoglycan is an important pathogenic factor in alveolar bone resorption. Otherwise, oral biofilms consist of bacterial cells embedded in an exopolysaccharide, which protects microorganisms from the host's immune system and antimicrobial therapies. Mechanical plaque control, such as toothbrushing, removes only the biofilm present on tooth surfaces. TiO2 is a non-toxic and biocompatible material which has photocatalytic activities. To determine the influence of oral biofilm, we investigated the efficacy of TiO2 photocatalysts on the removal of P. gingivalis biofilm using a solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor and solar-powered TiO2 electric toothbrush. P. gingivalis biofilm was removed by the solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor in a time-dependent manner. The biofilm removal rate using the solar-powered TiO2 electric toothbrush was significantly higher compared to control brushes (p<0.01). The results suggested that the production of ROS from the TiO2 semiconductor induces destruction of the P. gingivalis biofilm. In addition, we demonstrated that the TiO2 photocatalytic properties and electric current aid in the prevention of periodontal diseases.
Practice : Dentistry
Keywords : Actinomyces naeslundii