アブストラクト（51巻2号：神奈川歯学）

神奈川歯学

Japanese

Title　： 生前DNA登録が迅速で確実な身元確認に役立った一事例
Subtitle　： 原著
Authors　： 伊藤多佳子, 宮川康一, 中川貴美子, 大平寛, 山本伊佐夫, 安田紗英子, 山田良広
Authors（kana）　：
Organization　： 神奈川歯科大学大学院歯学研究科災害医療歯科学講座法医歯科学分野
Journal　： 神奈川歯学
Volume　： 51
Number　： 2
Page　： 91-95
Year/Month　： 2016 / 12
Article　： 原著
Publisher　： 神奈川歯科大学学会
Abstract　： 「緒言」身元不明死体のDNAによる身元確認は生前のDNAと死体由来のDNAとの照合により行われる. しかし生前のDNAが存在しない場合, 遺族由来のDNAとの血縁関係の証明により身元確認が行われる. 東日本大震災以降, より確実な身元確認を迅速にかつ正確に行うために生前資料のデータベース構築の重要性が浮き彫りとなった. 三浦半島は日本の中でも大規模地震の発生リスクが高い地域であるとされている. そのため, 神奈川歯科大学では平成24年4月から27年3月にかけて, 大規模災害時身元確認に備えた生前DNA登録プロジェクトに取り組み, 身元確認に使用するDNAローカスの三浦半島での遺伝子頻度が判明, 日本全国の遺伝子頻度と比較して三浦半島での身元不明死体の個人識別の確率計算に三浦半島での遺伝子頻度の有用性について検討を行った. その際に, 登録された生前DNA情報が独居死体の身元確認に役立った事例を経験したので報告する.
Practice　： 歯科学
Keywords　： DNA登録, 身元確認, 生前資料

English

Title　： A case of antemortem DNA typing registration that was helpful for rapid and reliable personal identification
Subtitle　：
Authors　： Takako ITO, Yasuichi MIYAKAWA, Kimiko NAKAGAWA, Hiroshi OHIRA, Isao YAMAMOTO, Saeko YASUDA, Yoshihiro YAMADA
Authors（kana）　：
Organization　： Department of Disaster Relief Medicine/Dentistry, Division of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School, Kanagawa Dental University
Journal　： Kanagawa Shigaku
Volume　： 51
Number　： 2
Page　： 91-95
Year/Month　： 2016 / 12
Article　： Original article
Publisher　： Kanagawa Odontological Society
Abstract　： [Abstract] Identification of unidentified corpses based on DNA involves matching of DNA from the body with DNA data obtained from the victim during life. If such antemortem data are lacking, then matching is based on DNA samples taken from blood relatives. Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, it has become a pressing priority to establish an antemortem DNA database to facilitate rapid identification of disaster victims. From fiscal 2012 to 2014, an antemortem DNA registration project in preparation for large-scale disasters (MEXT Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities, 2012-2014 (S1203004)) has been carried out, and about 3,000 individuals have been registered. In March 2015, we were commissioned to confirm the identity of unidentified corpses found in Kanagawa Prefecture on the basis of DNA. As a surviving sister had indicated that she had registered for the DNA database in the previous year, the brother and sister relationship was confirmed based on DNA extracted from the teeth of the corpses, after obtaining consent from the family of the deceased. In the present case, since a member of the family of the deceased had registered for antemortem DNA typing, it was possible to shorten the time required for data collection and comparison of the DNA samples, and thus the significance of this approach for individual identification was emphasized even for relatives who had not registered. It is considered that registration for antemortem DNA typing will facilitate more reliable and rapid personal identification.
Practice　： Dentistry
Keywords　：